Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

Crowdsourced pairwise human preference rankings of LLM responses. Higher Elo means more frequently preferred by users.

Harder version of MMLU testing knowledge across 57 academic subjects; reduces guessing-friendly answers.

Graduate-level Google-proof Q&A in physics, chemistry, and biology. Diamond subset is the hardest tier with PhD-validated answers.

500 high-school competition math problems requiring multi-step solutions. Scored on final-answer correctness.

American Invitational Mathematics Examination 2024 problems. Three-digit integer answers; very hard for non-reasoning models.

164 hand-written Python programming problems scored by passing unit tests. Saturated for frontier models.

Verifiable instruction-following benchmark; 25 categories of strict formatting / structural directives.

Long-context retrieval and reasoning suite. We report the 128k token effective-context score.

Median sustained output speed in tokens per second on the model's first-party API for medium-length prompts. Higher is faster.

Median time from request to first output chunk in milliseconds on the model's first-party API for medium-length prompts. Lower is snappier; reasoning models are penalised here because they think before talking.